Friday, February 14, 2020

How Hooliganism Is Seen in the Contemporary World Coursework

How Hooliganism Is Seen in the Contemporary World - Coursework Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that to give a reason for some of the key attributes of hooliganism, a division between impulsive, relatively secluded confrontations of spectator violence and the conduct of socially organized fan groups which participate in aggressive violent behavior should be drawn. This division is historically apparent through a change from a pattern in which assaults on football match officials and opponent players preponderated over assaults on opponent fans, to a practice in which fights against fans and the police became the dominant form of watcher muddled state. Pearson defines hooliganism as a violent, raucous and disparaging behavior. Hooliganism has closely been associated with sports activities due to violence among the spectators. There are numerous theories on the history and origin of hooliganism. In reference to the Oxford dictionary, hooliganism originated in the late years of the 19th century from the surname of an illusory unruly Irish family, Hooligan, in a musical-hall song of the 1890’s. Hooliganism has been used since the late 19th century. It described a street bunch of criminals in London in the 1890’s, just about the same time Manchester street mob were achieving disrepute. Exact first usage of the term hooliganism and how it came to be used in the present meaning is not well known. The Daily News reported a case at Southwark Police Court in London where it indicated that Clarke, 19 years old, arraigned for the attack on police was the ringleader of â€Å"Hooligan Boys†, a gang of youth. This gang had graced with their presence a music hall and caused disturbances which led to the police being called. Later the next month, two young men were brought before a court in London for unruly behavior.

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Nursing - Essay Example It is necessary that every member of an organization must be involved in dealing with the problem of absenteeism. Nyathi and , Jooste ( 2008) point out that, if absenteeism among nursing staff occurs, this puts a greater workload on the staff who do turn up, and so this leads to a downward spiral of stress on staff, and eventually even more absenteeism. The authors mention factors such as† work attitudes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment and work/job involvement) and retention factors,† but admit that in many cases reasons behind absenteeism are poorly understood. Managers, especially those who see staff every day such as ward managers, should know their staff so well that they are aware when any members of staff feel themselves to be under stress at work, as this which is identified as being a major factor in absenteeism. . Communication is important. Staff need to hear and understand the organization’s plans, goals, and objectives in order that they can uphold and protect them. The executive team is charged with the mandate of ensuring that when a new employee is hired, they are taken through the organization’s corporate vision. This will ensure that that person understands what the institution is like and its ethos. If everyone is told and understands fully what is expected of him or her, it is easier in the course of business to remind them of what is expected of them, whether with regard to being available when required, or with regard to some other matter. Slater and William (1996) describe how letting staff have a greater larger degree of control of rotas led to better communications between management and staff. It was also discovered that many nurses had not realized the impact their negative behavior was having both on the organization and their colleagues. It was also felt that if mention was made of absenteeism staff might feel that they